mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the acute inflammation of SARS-CoV-2 infection

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  • Ellie N. Ivanova
  • Jasmine Shwetar
  • Joseph C. Devlin
  • Sophie Gray-Gaillard
  • Akiko Koide
  • Amber Cornelius
  • Marie I. Samanovic
  • Alberto Herrera
  • Eleni P. Mimitou
  • Chenzhen Zhang
  • Trishala Karmacharya
  • Ludovic Desvignes
  • Peter Smibert
  • Robert J. Ulrich
  • Mark J. Mulligan
  • Shohei Koide
  • Kelly V. Ruggles
  • Ramin S. Herati
  • Sergei B. Koralov

SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis of blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster. We profiled immune responses via transcriptional analysis and lymphocyte repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. B and T cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal expansion among effector cells in COVID-19 patients and memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, expansion of clonal γδ T cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables side-by-side comparison of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Our comparative analysis shows that vaccination induces a robust, durable clonal B and T cell responses, without the severe inflammation associated with infection.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer108572
TidsskriftiScience
Vol/bind26
Udgave nummer12
Sider (fra-til)1-19
ISSN2589-0042
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
M.J.M. reported potential competing interests: laboratory research and clinical trials contracts with Lilly, Pfizer (exclusive of the current work), and Sanofi for vaccines or MAB vs. SARS-CoV-2; contract funding from USG/HHS/BARDA for research specimen characterization and repository; research grant funding from USG/HHS/NIH for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and MAB clinical trials; personal fees from Meissa Vaccines, Inc. and Pfizer for Scientific Advisory Board service. RSH has received research support from CareDx for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies and has performed consulting work for Bristol-Myers-Squibb.

Funding Information:
We are grateful for support of this work from NYU Grossman School of Medicine . Work in Dr. Koralov’s laboratory was further supported by the NIH ( HL125816 , CA271245 , 2R44AI136141 ), LEO Foundation Grant ( LF-OC-20-000351 ), NYU Cancer Center Pilot Grant ( P30CA016087 ),the Judith and Stewart Colton Center for Autoimmunity Pilot grant. Presented work was also supported by NIH grant R21 AI158997 , R01 CA194864 and R01 CA212608 to S.K.; NIH grants AI114852 and AI082630 to R.S.H.; K08AI163457 to R.J.U.; and AI148574 to M.J.M. T.B.B. and NØ received support from the Danish Cancer Society (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), the Danish Council for Independent Research (Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond) and the LEO Foundation. This work was also supported by funding from the NCATS/NIH Centers for Translational Science Awards (CTSA) to New York University (UL1 TR001445). We thank all members of NYU Vaccine Center processing and clinical staff, including Michael Tuen, Jimmy Wilson, Abdonnie Holder, Shelby Goins, Meron Tasissa, Sara Wesley Hyman, and Farzana Antara. We are also grateful to the NYU Genome Technology Core, and Dr. Heguy in particular, for technical assistance and support. We sincerely thank Ms. Cathy Shufro for her valuable contributions to improving the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank all the study participants who have contributed to our studies.

Funding Information:
We are grateful for support of this work from NYU Grossman School of Medicine. Work in Dr. Koralov's laboratory was further supported by the NIH (HL125816, CA271245, 2R44AI136141), LEO Foundation Grant (LF-OC-20-000351), NYU Cancer Center Pilot Grant (P30CA016087),the Judith and Stewart Colton Center for Autoimmunity Pilot grant. Presented work was also supported by NIH grant R21 AI158997, R01 CA194864 and R01 CA212608 to S.K.; NIH grants AI114852 and AI082630 to R.S.H.; K08AI163457 to R.J.U.; and AI148574 to M.J.M. T.B.B. and NØ received support from the Danish Cancer Society (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), the Danish Council for Independent Research (Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond) and the LEO Foundation. This work was also supported by funding from the NCATS/NIH Centers for Translational Science Awards (CTSA) to New York University (UL1 TR001445). We thank all members of NYU Vaccine Center processing and clinical staff, including Michael Tuen, Jimmy Wilson, Abdonnie Holder, Shelby Goins, Meron Tasissa, Sara Wesley Hyman, and Farzana Antara. We are also grateful to the NYU Genome Technology Core, and Dr. Heguy in particular, for technical assistance and support. We sincerely thank Ms. Cathy Shufro for her valuable contributions to improving the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank all the study participants who have contributed to our studies. E.I. R.H. and S.B.K. conceived and planned the experiments. E.I. carried out the experiments. J.S. J.D. T.B. E.I. and K.R. planned and carried out the computational analysis. S.G. A.C. M.S. C.Z. and T.K. contributed to sample preparation. E.I. drafted the manuscript. E.I. J.S. and J.D. designed the figures. A.K. and S.K. performed the multiplex bead-binding assay. M.S. performed the ELISA to quantify Spike-specific Ab titers. L.D. helped adopt experimental methods for high containment BSL3 laboratories. E.M. P.S. N.O. S.G. and A.H. helped with experimental design. M.M. P.U. M.S. and R.H. established protocols and guided patient recruitment. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and text of the manuscript and approved the final version. M.J.M. reported potential competing interests: laboratory research and clinical trials contracts with Lilly, Pfizer (exclusive of the current work), and Sanofi for vaccines or MAB vs. SARS-CoV-2; contract funding from USG/HHS/BARDA for research specimen characterization and repository; research grant funding from USG/HHS/NIH for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and MAB clinical trials; personal fees from Meissa Vaccines, Inc. and Pfizer for Scientific Advisory Board service. RSH has received research support from CareDx for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies and has performed consulting work for Bristol-Myers-Squibb.

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© 2023 The Authors

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