Humoral antimalaria immune response in Nigerian children exposed to helminth and malaria parasites

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  • Selorme Adukpo
  • Ayodele Adedoja
  • Meral Esen
  • Theisen, Michael
  • Francine Ntoumi
  • Olusola Ojurongbe

Background: Malaria and helminthic parasites are endemic in tropical countries, and co-infections might influence host-parasite interactions. In this community-based cross-sectional study, the effect that the presence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) (Hookworm, Hymenolepis nana) and Schistosoma haematobium infections could have on the immunoglobulin (Ig) candidate protein of the malaria vaccine GMZ2 levels was evaluated. Methods: Blood, stool, and urine samples were collected from 5-15-year-old children to diagnose P. falciparum (Pf), STH, and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Identification and quantification of the parasite load of STH and S. haematobium were achieved by light microscopy. A polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect submicroscopic infections of P. falciparum. Plasma levels of GMZ2 specific IgG and its subclasses were quantified by ELISA. Results: The median level of total IgG in individuals with co-infection with Pf/H. nana was significantly lower in the mono-infected group with Pf (p = 0.0121) or study participants without infection (p=0.0217). Similarly, the median level of IgG1 was statistically lower in Pf/H. nana group compared to Pf-group (p=0.0137). Equally, the Pf/H. nana infected individuals posted a lower level of IgG1 compared to Pf-group (p=0.0137) and IgG4 compared to the Pf-group (p=0.0144). Spearman rank correlation analyses indicated positive relationships between the densities of H. nana (ρ=0.25, p=0.015) and S. haematobium (ρ=0.36, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Hookworm and H. nana infections are associated with reduced GMZ2 specific IgG levels. This study shows the possible manipulation of immune responses by helminths for their survival and transmission, which may have serious implications for vaccine development and deployment in helminth-endemic regions.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer979727
TidsskriftFrontiers in Immunology
Vol/bind13
ISSN1664-3224
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
We are grateful to the study participants for granting us access to their samples and Dr. Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi of the Immunology Department of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana for the invaluable assistance that was provided. FN is a member of the Central African Network on Clinical Research (CANTAM) and PANDORA-ID-Net, funded by EDCTP and the European Union.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Adukpo, Adedoja, Esen, Theisen, Ntoumi and Ojurongbe.

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